theories applied to magazines

Barthes- semiology

• can be applied to any sign, including language and images, to examine connotations and ideology.
• draws attention to the naturalising effect of ideology in any text - this applies particularly to newspapers and magazines, as headlines typically assume a shared view of the world with the readers in order to be easily understood.

Neale - genre theory

• can be applied to any media product that has genres and links together media language, audiences and industries.
• the concept of genre as a shared code explains how genres can change (e.g. the 'quality' press becoming more like tabloids) and hybridise (e.g. the middle-market tabloids, such as the mail, that follow both tabloid and broadsheet conventions)

Baudrillard - postmodernism

• can be applied to any cultural product
• particularly applies to news about news, or celebrities who are famous for being famous, where there is no sense of a 'real; person behind the hyper reality.
• orange is reality (what we see behind the scenes and how the media used to present people), orange juice is heightened reality (more intense than reality and is mostly the same but is heightened and still has strong links to reality, and Fanta is a simulacrum
• simulacra/um- a copy of reality that is so artificial it does not link to reality at all, we are surrounded by so many that it is almost impossible to tell the difference as they are packaged the same as what we believe to be reality. copy of reality
• are media products reality, or a cleverly packaged, glossed version mad to look like reality where, wither, the audience cannot tell the difference or would rather believe them as it is an ideal reality.
• hyper reality- cannot tell the difference between reality and simulacrum

Hall - representation

• can be applied to any media product
• applies particularly to the way in which headlines try to fix the meaning of a representation, both the copy and the photographs.
• draws attention to the role of power in representations - both the general distribution of power in society and the power of the print media as an institution - but also the power of the audience to decode representations in different ways.

Gauntlett - identity

• applies to the sense of identity that a newspaper or magazine can offer its readers - e.g. the identity of a liberal, progressive Guardian reader, or a patriotic, hard-headed mail reader.
• applies to the what different sections of print media offer diverse and sometimes contradictory media messages to audience, thus offering a range of points of identification.

Van Zoonen - gender

• can be applied to any media product, especially representation of gender.
• the concept of patriarchy may be applied to the ownership and control of print media  companies, the recruitment and ethos of their professionals, news values, and the representations of gender, especially the representations of women's bodies.

• the actor on the front is appealing to men and women as both would watch the TV show this actor is most well known for.
• the target audience is (legally) 18+ due to the age rating of the TV show however many people under that age would have seen it.
• representing Kit Harrington and an interview about him and what he is wanting to tell the world.
• postmodernism this is his reality or what we think is his reality because he is out of character however we do not know if this is his true personality, hyper reality.
• the genre of the magazine is constantly changing to appeal to as many demographics as possible.
• the flaming letters relate to the role he played and the theme of fire, death and dragons. also links to him being a good character and fighting the whit walkers who are ice based characters.
• his profile and the majority of the poster being black and white could represent darkness and the death in the show or his life.
• having the word game may link memories to him and the tv show so people know where he has come from.

• very edited image of Will.i.am that makes him look unreal or similar to an animatronic or hologram. proposes the idea that he is not real and everything is an act for the people.
• postmodernism this is his reality, we are actually being told the 'reality' of him and the fake image of him represents the simulacrum version of him.
• many quotes that give the reader an idea of what the interview is going to be about and many of his own opinions to get people to see if they agree or not.
• the yellow hue surrounding his head could represent him being a guiding light that wants to show people the way into his truth.
• representation as it is an interview representing him as a person but also representing his beliefs on topics such as politics. would the magazine post his political ideas if they strongly disagreed with them.
• all positive representations of him.

• very bright and child-like images that look like something out of a fairy tale book. it is about how to be happy and all of the images are supposed to be able to provoke a happiness response from  a person, especially when combined together.
• all of the emoticons are happy or smiling which is known to result in smiling as it is contagious.
• there is something political about the issue as Donald trumps face is plastered onto the twitter birds face which is most likely making fun of one of his tyrannical rants on twitter.
• it states much lower down in a text banner that the world has gone wrong (which is why they want people to be happy) symbolising that politics are making the world go to crap.
• representation of their political views in the paper as the are making fun of Donald trump and saying he has turned everything bad.
• semiology is prominent as there are many of the texts that are different in colours and styles and fonts and all have an impact on how the cover is presented.
• have a neuroscientist speaking about how to be happy, saying that they need to fix their sadness manually and chemically rather then just finding happiness naturally.
• missiles have happy faces as the feud between trump and Korea had been settled for the time being. brexit and blue passports with a beret on it. 
• is Putin on the unicorn?

• in a suit in a bathtub which is very conflicting and does not make any sense. the bath is very hot a the water has a lot of steam coming off of it and Cumberbatch looks very uncomfortable.
• underneath his name it says jump right in which could relate to him jumping in the bath with clothing on.
• there is a dr strange figurine on the boat which relates to the character that Cumberbatch played in the MCU
• there is also a duck with a detectives outfit on and a magnifying glass to represent the character Sherlock he played.
• an enigma coding machine is also in the bath representing another one of his film and tv roles.
• all of the objects in the bath are linked to the intertextuality of Cumberbatch as it is promoting other film and tv roles that he has portrayed to the reader. 
• he is earing a black tie suit and has his hair styled which is unusual for him, this may represent his red carpet events and winnings of awards and his professionalism.
• it is an interview so we have an inkling that the things in the bath will be discussed in the interview giving the reader an idea about what will be discussed.

• it is an everyday person who is not recognisable or famous.
• reiterates the big issue is about the people for the people and wants to help those who need help.
• they may have some religious beliefs as the main story is about the man seeing the face of god.
• there is  light glowing from behind the man almost like a halo or sunshine, which would represent the guardian angel that saved his life in the coma.
• the title is very blunt and straight to the point. small short sentences that are only informational so people can read them quickly and want to continue reading for more information.
• main colour of yellow shows happiness and hope. 
• dedicated to the big issue vendor and that they wouldn't give up on him because he wouldn't give up on himself.

• many people easily can recognise the image on the front of the magazine from the beatles yellow submarine album cover.
• the image is very cartoonish and easy to identify to people of all ages whether they know the album or not.
• the use of the word timeless on the cover shows that the copy can be appealing to any person no matter their age as this is timeless and has no limit.
• drawn the same as it is in the movie the yellow submarine.
• target audience would be beatles listener and many people of a generation before millennial however people of a younger age will still be able to know where it is from.
• the beatles are in the four windows to solidify the audiences' identification of the band members and image.